Comprehensive information about colonoscopies, including: the procedure, preparation, risks and benefits. It serves as a guide for anyone considering this procedure.
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A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a long, flexible instrument called a “scope.” This device is inserted into the rectum and guided through the entire colon (large intestine). Equipped with a camera and light at its tip, the scope enables doctors to examine the colon’s lining in detail. This procedure is commonly performed to evaluate gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, or unusual findings from imaging tests.
Colonoscopy is also advised as a routine screening for colon cancer and polyps, starting at age 45 or earlier, depending on an individual’s medical history. It is the only procedure that can both detect and prevent colorectal conditions. At San Antonio Gastroenterology Associates, our board-certified specialists are highly skilled in performing colonoscopies.
Typically, preparing for a colonoscopy involves following a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure and using prescribed laxatives to thoroughly cleanse your colon. Adhering to these instructions is crucial. You may also receive specific guidance on managing your regular medications, especially if you take blood thinners (like Coumadin, warfarin, Plavix, aspirin, or anti-inflammatory drugs) or have diabetes. After midnight, you will likely need to refrain from consuming anything except essential medications.
On the day of the procedure, you should arrive at your local endoscopy center about 1 to 1.5 hours before your scheduled appointment. This time allows for paperwork and preparation. You’ll change into a medical gown, and an intravenous (IV) catheter will be placed in your arm for administering sedation. Throughout the procedure, monitors will track your vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram, breathing, and oxygen levels.
In the exam room, you will lie on your left side on a stretcher. Sedation will be given gradually through the IV to ensure your comfort and safety, providing just the right amount needed. Once you are sedated, the specialist will conduct a rectal exam and gently insert the colonoscope into your rectum. The scope will then be carefully advanced through the colon to its junction with the small intestine. A small amount of air will be introduced through the scope to expand the colon for better visibility, and any residual fluid can be flushed and suctioned out through the device.
The procedure typically takes 15 to 30 minutes. During this time, the specialist may perform various tasks based on the findings, such as taking tissue samples (biopsies), removing polyps, or addressing any bleeding. At the conclusion of the procedure, as much air and any remaining fluid as possible will be removed from your colon.
Thanks to the latest technological advancements, colonoscopies are now performed more quickly, comfortably, and accurately than ever before.
It is advised that individuals with an average risk of developing colon cancer begin scheduling colonoscopies at age 45. However, if you have a higher risk or exhibit symptoms that may indicate colon cancer, our GI specialists may recommend starting screenings earlier.
For those at average risk, in good health, and with normal screening results, colonoscopies are generally recommended every ten years. After your screening, your gastroenterologist will provide personalized guidance on how frequently you should schedule future exams.
To ensure your comfort during the procedure, sedation will be administered beforehand. Depending on the type of sedation used, many patients feel deeply relaxed, become drowsy, or do not recall the procedure at all. You can discuss what to expect with your GI specialist during your consultation.
Recovery after a colonoscopy typically takes about 24 hours, with most patients feeling well enough to resume their normal activities the following day. If polyps are removed during the procedure, recovery may take up to a week. It’s normal to experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or cramping, afterward. The doctors at San Antonio Gastroenterology Associates will provide detailed recovery instructions and let you know what to expect.
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